Read the message and choose the best answer     Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution is known as one of the most important and controversial scientific theories ever published. Darwin was an English scientist in the 19th century best known for his book “On the Origin of Species.” In his book, Darwin postulated different species shared characteristics of common ancestors, that they branched off from common ancestors as they evolved, and that new traits and characteristics were a result of natural selection. The theory is based on the assumptions that life developed from non-life and progressed and evolved in an indirect manner. Therefore, the Theory of Evolution, while controversial, has shaped and influenced the modern scientific world's thinking on the development of life itself. Darwin was born February 12, 1809 in England. Although initially entering into medicine, Darwin chose to pursue his interest in natural science and embarked on a five-year journey aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, a British sloop belonging to the Royal Navy. Because of his experience aboard the Beagle, he laid the foundation for his Theory of Evolution while also establishing himself within the scientific community. Specifically, Darwin's keen observation of the fossils and wildlife he saw during his time on the Beagle served as the basis for the cornerstone of his theory: natural selection.     Natural selection contributes to the basis of Darwin's Theory of Evolution. One of the core tenets of Darwin's theory is that more offspring are always produced for a species than can possibly survive. Yet, no two offspring are perfectly alike. As a result, through random mutation and genetic drift, over time offspring develop new traits and characteristics. Over time beneficial traits and characteristics that promote survival will be kept in the gene pool while those that harm survival will be selected against. Therefore, this natural selection ensures that a species gradually improves itself over an extended duration of time. On the other hand, as a species continues to 'improve' itself, it branches out to create entirely new species that are no longer capable of reproducing together.     Through natural selection, organisms could branch off of each other and evolve to the point where they no longer belong to the same species. Consequently, simple organisms evolve into more complex and different organisms as species break away from one another. Natural selection parallels selective breeding employed by humans on domesticated animals for centuries. Namely, horse breeders will ensure that horses with particular characteristics, such as speed and endurance, are allowed to produce offspring while horses that do not share those above-average traits will not. Therefore, over several generations, the new offspring will already be predisposed towards being excellent racing horses.     Darwin's theory is that 'selective breeding' occurs in nature as 'natural selection' is the engine behind evolution. Thus, the theory provides an excellent basis for understanding how organisms change over time. Nevertheless, it is just a theory and elusively difficult to prove. One of the major holes in Darwin's theory revolves around “irreducibly complex systems.” An irreducibly complex system is known as a system where many different parts must all operate together. As a result, in the absence of one, the system as a whole collapses. Consequently, as modern technology improves, science can identify these “irreducibly complex systems” even at microscopic levels. These complex systems, if so inter-reliant, would be resistant to Darwin's supposition of how evolution occurs. As Darwin himself admitted, “To suppose that the eye with all its inimitable contrivance for adjusting the focus for different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I free confess, absurd in the highest degree".     In conclusion, “On the Origin of Species” is known as one of the most consequential books ever published. Darwin's Theory of Evolution remains, to this day, a lightning rod for controversy. The theory can be observed repeatedly, but never proven, and there are a plethora of instances that cast doubt on the processes of natural selection and evolution. Darwin's conclusions were a result of keen observation and training as a naturalist. Despite the controversy that swirls around his theory, Darwin remains one of the most influential scientists and naturalists ever born due to his Theory of Evolution. Which sentence is most similar to the following sentence from paragraph 1? The theory is based on the assumptions that life developed from non-life and progressed and evolved in an indirect manner.

Câu hỏi:

Read the message and choose the best answer
    Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is known as one of the most important and controversial scientific theories ever published. Darwin was an English scientist in the 19th century best known for his book “On the Origin of Species.” In his book, Darwin postulated different species shared characteristics of common ancestors, that they branched off from common ancestors as they evolved, and that new traits and characteristics were a result of natural selection. The theory is based on the assumptions that life developed from non-life and progressed and evolved in an indirect manner. Therefore, the Theory of Evolution, while controversial, has shaped and influenced the modern scientific world’s thinking on the development of life itself. Darwin was born February 12, 1809 in England. Although initially entering into medicine, Darwin chose to pursue his interest in natural science and embarked on a five-year journey aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, a British sloop belonging to the Royal Navy. Because of his experience aboard the Beagle, he laid the foundation for his Theory of Evolution while also establishing himself within the scientific community. Specifically, Darwin’s keen observation of the fossils and wildlife he saw during his time on the Beagle served as the basis for the cornerstone of his theory: natural selection.
    Natural selection contributes to the basis of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. One of the core tenets of Darwin’s theory is that more offspring are always produced for a species than can possibly survive. Yet, no two offspring are perfectly alike. As a result, through random mutation and genetic drift, over time offspring develop new traits and characteristics. Over time beneficial traits and characteristics that promote survival will be kept in the gene pool while those that harm survival will be selected against. Therefore, this natural selection ensures that a species gradually improves itself over an extended duration of time. On the other hand, as a species continues to ‘improve’ itself, it branches out to create entirely new species that are no longer capable of reproducing together.
    Through natural selection, organisms could branch off of each other and evolve to the point where they no longer belong to the same species. Consequently, simple organisms evolve into more complex and different organisms as species break away from one another. Natural selection parallels selective breeding employed by humans on domesticated animals for centuries. Namely, horse breeders will ensure that horses with particular characteristics, such as speed and endurance, are allowed to produce offspring while horses that do not share those above-average traits will not. Therefore, over several generations, the new offspring will already be predisposed towards being excellent racing horses.
    Darwin’s theory is that ‘selective breeding’ occurs in nature as ‘natural selection’ is the engine behind
evolution. Thus, the theory provides an excellent basis for understanding how organisms change over time. Nevertheless, it is just a theory and elusively difficult to prove. One of the major holes in Darwin’s theory revolves around “irreducibly complex systems.” An irreducibly complex system is known as a system where many different parts must all operate together. As a result, in the absence of one, the system as a whole collapses. Consequently, as modern technology improves, science can identify these “irreducibly complex systems” even at microscopic levels. These complex systems, if so inter-reliant, would be resistant to Darwin’s supposition of how evolution occurs. As Darwin himself admitted, “To suppose that the eye with all its inimitable contrivance for adjusting the focus for different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I free confess, absurd in the highest degree”.
    In conclusion, “On the Origin of Species” is known as one of the most consequential books ever published. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution remains, to this day, a lightning rod for controversy. The theory can be observed repeatedly, but never proven, and there are a plethora of instances that cast doubt on the processes of natural selection and evolution. Darwin’s conclusions were a result of keen observation and training as a naturalist. Despite the controversy that swirls around his theory, Darwin remains one of the most influential scientists and naturalists ever born due to his Theory of Evolution.
Which sentence is most similar to the following sentence from paragraph 1?
The theory is based on the assumptions that life developed from non-life and progressed and evolved in an indirect manner.

A. The Theory of Evolution is founded on evidence that non-organic compounds are the basis of lìfe,
developed in unguided way

B. Based on certain assumptions, we can prove that evolution occurs in all living and non-living entities

C. According to Darwin, if we assume that life at its origin was created from non-organic compounds and developed in an unguided manner, his theory holds true

Đáp án chính xác

D. Due to the controversy, it is hard to make assumptions about the Theory of Evolution

Trả lời:

Chọn C

Phương pháp giải:
Đọc hiểu chi tiết
Giải chi tiết:
(A) không đúng vì từ bằng chứng không phải là từ đồng nghĩa thích hợp với giả định.
(B) không chính xác vì không có tham chiếu đến sự phát triển từ phi sự sống.
(D) không đúng vì nó tương tự về nghĩa với câu đầu tiên.
Tạm dịch:
Câu nào giống câu nào nhất trong đoạn 1?
Lý thuyết dựa trên các giả định rằng sự sống phát triển từ phi sự sống và tiến triển và phát triển theo cách gián tiếp.
A. Thuyết Tiến hóa được thành lập dựa trên bằng chứng rằng các hợp chất phi hữu cơ là cơ sở của lìfe, được phát triển theo cách không có hướng dẫn
B. Dựa trên những giả thiết nhất định, chúng ta có thể chứng minh rằng quá trình tiến hóa xảy ra ở tất cả các thực thể sống và không sống
C. Theo Darwin, nếu chúng ta giả định rằng sự sống tại nguồn gốc của nó được tạo ra từ các hợp chất phi hữu cơ và phát triển một cách không có hướng dẫn, thì lý thuyết của ông là đúng.
D. Do còn nhiều tranh cãi, khó có thể đưa ra giả thiết về Thuyết Tiến hóa

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1. Choose the word that has the underline part pronounced differently from the others
   
   

   Câu hỏi:
   

   Choose the word that has the underline part pronounced differently from the others

   A. prescription           

   B. preliminary            

   C. presumption           

   D. preparation

   Đáp án chính xác

   Trả lời:

   Chọn D

   Phương pháp giải:
   Phát âm “e”
   Giải chi tiết:
   A. prescription  /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/
   B. preliminary   /prɪˈlɪmɪnəri/
   C. presumption  /prɪˈzʌmpʃn/
   D. preparation  /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/
   Phương án D có phần gạch chân đọc là /e/, còn lại đọc là /ɪ/

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2. Choose the word whose primary stress is different from the others
   
   

   Câu hỏi:
   

   Choose the word whose primary stress is different from the others

   A. envelop                 

   B. astronaut                

   C. tuberculosis           

   Đáp án chính xác

   D. poverty

   Trả lời:

   Chọn C

   Phương pháp giải:
   Trọng âm từ đa âm tiết
   Giải chi tiết:
   A. envelop  /ˈenvələʊp/
   B. astronaut  /ˈæstrənɔːt/
   C. tuberculosis  /tjuːˌbɜːkjuˈləʊsɪs/
   D. poverty  /ˈpɒvəti/
   Phương án C có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 4, còn lại rơi vào 1

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3. Choose the word that has the underline part pronounced differently from the others
   
   

   Câu hỏi:
   

   Choose the word that has the underline part pronounced differently from the others

   A. orchestra                

   B. chasm                    

   C. chemical                

   D. orchard

   Đáp án chính xác

   Trả lời:

   Chọn D

   Phương pháp giải:
   Phát âm “ch”
   Giải chi tiết:
   A. orchestra  /ˈɔːkɪstrə/
   B. chasm  /ˈkæzəm/
   C. chemical  /ˈkemɪkl/
   D. orchard  /ˈɔːtʃəd/
   Phương án D có phần gạch chân đọc là /tʃ/, còn lại đọc là /k/

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4. Woodrow Wilson_______ as a governor before was elected President of the United States in 1912.
   
   

   Câu hỏi:
   

   Woodrow Wilson_______ as a governor before was elected President of the United States in 1912.

   A. serving                  

   B. had has served      

   C. who had served      

   Đáp án chính xác

   D. to serve

   Trả lời:

   Chọn C

   Phương pháp giải:
   Mệnh đề quan hệ
   Giải chi tiết:
   Câu đã đủ thành phần S ( Woodrow Wilson ) và  V (was)
   => chỗ trống cần điền là một mệnh đề quan hệ để bổ sung thêm cho danh từ “Woodrow Wilson”
   Đáp án A sai, sửa thành having served mới đúng ( Dùng having PII để nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra trước)
   Tạm dịch: Woodrow Wilson đã phục vụ với tư cách là thống đốc trước đó đã  được bầu làm Tổng thống Hoa Kỳ vào năm 1912.

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5. Jenny’s engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune
   
   

   Câu hỏi:
   

   Jenny’s engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune

   A. must                      

   Đáp án chính xác

   B. might                     

   C. will                        

   D. should

   Trả lời:

   Chọn A

   Phương pháp giải:
   Động từ khuyết thiếu
   Giải chi tiết:
   Might have done sth: (có lẽ là đã…. ) đưa ra dự đoán không có căn cứ
   Must have done sth: (chắc hẳn là…) đưa ra kết luận dựa trên ý kiến chủ quan/khách quan của người nói
   Ở đây người nói đã biết và nhận dạng chiếc nhẫn to => dựa trên ý kiến chủ quan người nói đưa ra kết luận
   Tạm dịch: Chiếc nhẫn đính hôn của Jenny rất lớn! Nó phải đắt lắm đây!

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