Ngữ pháp

A. Các đại từ quan hệ:

• who: thay thế cho người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)
• Ex: The man who is standing there is a tourist.
• whom: thay thế cho người (làm tân ngữ - formal)
• Ex: The woman whom I met was a guide.
• which: thay thế cho vật, động vật
• Ex: The hotel which we stayed at was nice.
• that: thay thế cho người hoặc vật (có thể thay who, whom, which)
• Ex: The tourist that visited us was friendly.
• Ex: The place that I visited was beautiful.
• whose: thay thế cho sở hữu (của người hoặc vật)
• Ex: The tourist whose bag was lost is upset.
• where: thay thế cho nơi chốn
• Ex: The city where I was born is beautiful.
• when: thay thế cho thời gian
• Ex: The day when we arrived was sunny.

• 1. Làm chủ ngữ:
• Ex: The tourist who/that visited us was friendly.
• (who/that = chủ ngữ, không thể bỏ)
• 2. Làm tân ngữ:
• Ex: The woman (whom/that) I met was a guide.
• (whom/that = tân ngữ, có thể bỏ)
• 3. Sau giới từ:
• Ex: The hotel which/that we stayed at was nice.
• Ex: The hotel at which we stayed was nice. (formal)

• Sau so sánh nhất: the best, the most beautiful
• Ex: It's the best hotel that I've ever stayed at.
• Sau: all, everything, nothing, something, anything
• Ex: Everything that he said was true.
• Sau: the only, the first, the last
• Ex: She's the only person that can help.
• Có cả người và vật
• Ex: The tourists and their luggage that were on the bus...
• Không dùng that: sau dấu phẩy, sau giới từ
• Ex: The hotel, which was built in 1920, is famous. (không dùng that)
• Ex: The hotel at which we stayed... (không dùng that)