Review 2 (Units 4 - 5)

A. Pronunciation (Phát âm)

Unit 4: Urbanisation

• Sentence stress: Nhấn mạnh content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) để làm rõ nghĩa
• Ex: CITIES are becoming MORE and MORE CROWDED.
• Ex: URBANISATION has INCREASED RAPIDLY in recent years.
• Ex: The GOVERNMENT should BUILD more AFFORDABLE HOUSING.

Unit 5: The World of Work

• Sentence stress in compound and complex sentences:
• Trong câu ghép: nhấn mạnh từ quan trọng ở cả hai mệnh đề
• Ex: I APPLIED for the job, and they CALLED me for an INTERVIEW.
• Trong câu phức: mệnh đề chính được nhấn mạnh hơn
• Ex: ALTHOUGH he's young, he has a lot of EXPERIENCE.

B. Vocabulary (Từ vựng)

Unit 4: Urbanisation

• Urban development: urbanisation, urban area, rural area, migrate, migration
• Problems: overcrowding, congestion, traffic jam, slum, poverty, unemployment
• Infrastructure: infrastructure, sanitation, public transport, affordable housing, facilities
• Adjectives: densely populated, crowded, modern, developed, expanding
• Verbs: expand, develop, improve, invest, construct

Unit 5: The World of Work

• Career & Jobs: career, occupation, profession, qualification, experience, skill, competence
• Job application: apply, application, CV/resume, cover letter, interview, recruit, recruitment
• Workplace: colleague, boss, manager, employee, employer, staff, salary, wage, promotion, bonus
• Adjectives: challenging, rewarding, flexible, demanding, stressful, satisfying
• Phrases: job opportunity, work experience, career path, job market, deadline

C. Grammar (Ngữ pháp)

Unit 4: Present Perfect & Double Comparatives

• Present Perfect: S + have/has + V3/ed
• Dấu hiệu: for, since, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, ever, never
• Cách dùng:
• - Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và tiếp tục đến hiện tại
• Ex: I have lived here for 10 years.
• - Hành động vừa mới xảy ra
• Ex: She has just finished her work.
• - Kinh nghiệm đến hiện tại
• Ex: I have never been to Paris.
• Double Comparatives: The + comparative..., the + comparative...
• Ex: The bigger the city, the more crowded it becomes.
• Ex: The more people migrate, the more problems arise.
• Ex: The harder you work, the more successful you'll be.

Unit 5: Simple, Compound, Complex Sentences

• Simple Sentence (Câu đơn): 1 mệnh đề độc lập (S + V)
• Ex: I work in an office.
• Ex: She enjoys her job.
• Compound Sentence (Câu ghép): 2+ mệnh đề độc lập nối bằng FANBOYS
• FANBOYS: for (vì), and (và), nor (cũng không), but (nhưng), or (hoặc), yet (nhưng), so (vì vậy)
• Ex: I applied for the job, and they called me.
• Ex: The job is challenging, but it's rewarding.
• Ex: Study hard, or you'll fail the exam.
• Complex Sentence (Câu phức): 1 mệnh đề độc lập + 1+ mệnh đề phụ thuộc
• Subordinating conjunctions: when, while, before, after, because, since, as, if, unless, although, though, even though
• Ex: Although it's challenging, I enjoy my work.
• Ex: I'll apply for the job when I graduate.
• Ex: She got the job because she was well-qualified.

A. Reading (Đọc hiểu)

Kỹ năng cần ôn tập:

• Đọc lướt để nắm ý chính (skimming)
• Đọc kỹ để tìm thông tin chi tiết (scanning)
• Đoán nghĩa từ vựng qua ngữ cảnh
• Hiểu ý chính và ý phụ của đoạn văn
• Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không được đề cập
• Suy luận và rút ra kết luận
• Hiểu mối quan hệ nhân quả

Chủ đề đã đọc:

• Urbanisation: causes, benefits, and challenges
• Urban planning and sustainable development
• Career planning and job hunting strategies
• Job interviews and workplace skills
• The changing job market

B. Speaking (Nói)

Chủ đề đã học:

• Discussing urbanisation trends and impacts
• Comparing urban and rural life
• Talking about career plans and aspirations
• Discussing job requirements and qualifications
• Describing work experience and skills

Useful expressions:

• Urbanisation: The city has become..., has changed..., has developed...
• The more..., the more... / The bigger..., the more crowded...
• Urbanisation has brought both benefits and challenges...
• Career: I'm interested in... / I'd like to work as...
• My career goal is to... / I plan to...
• Although it's challenging, ... / I applied for..., and...
• The job requires... / I have experience in...

C. Listening (Nghe hiểu)

Kỹ năng cần ôn tập:

• Nghe để nắm ý chính (listening for gist)
• Nghe để tìm thông tin cụ thể (listening for specific information)
• Điền thông tin còn thiếu (gap-filling)
• Trả lời câu hỏi chi tiết
• Ghi chú các ý quan trọng (note-taking)
• Hiểu thái độ, ý kiến và cảm xúc của người nói
• Nhận biết các từ nối và cấu trúc câu

Chủ đề đã nghe:

• Talks about urban development and city planning
• Discussions about urbanisation problems and solutions
• Job interviews and interview tips
• Career advice and guidance
• Workplace conversations

D. Writing (Viết)

Dạng bài đã học:

• Unit 4: Writing essays about urbanisation (causes, effects, solutions)
• Describing urban development and changes
• Comparing urban and rural areas
• Unit 5: Writing CVs and cover letters
• Writing about career plans and goals
• Describing work experience and skills

Kỹ năng viết:

• Tổ chức bài viết:
• - Introduction: Giới thiệu chủ đề, thesis statement (1-2 câu)
• - Body: Trình bày ý chính với supporting details (2-3 đoạn)
• - Conclusion: Kết luận, tóm tắt ý chính (1-2 câu)
• Sử dụng ngữ pháp:
• - Present Perfect để mô tả thay đổi và kinh nghiệm
• - Double Comparatives để so sánh xu hướng
• - Simple, Compound, Complex sentences để đa dạng câu văn
• Linking words: First, Second, Moreover, However, In addition, Therefore, In conclusion

CV Writing Tips:

• Personal information: name, contact details
• Education: degrees, qualifications, schools
• Work experience: jobs, responsibilities, achievements
• Skills: technical skills, soft skills, languages
• Keep it concise (1-2 pages), professional, and well-organized

Cover Letter Structure:

• Opening: State the position you're applying for
• Body: Explain why you're suitable (skills, experience, motivation)
• Closing: Express interest in an interview, thank the reader