Part 7: Writing
Viết về một phát minh quan trọng
Writing Skills: How to Write a Biography
11. Tóm tắt lý thuyết
✍️ Cách viết tiểu sử
Cấu trúc bài viết tiểu sử:
- Introduction (Mở bài): Giới thiệu người đó là ai, nổi tiếng về điều gì
- Body Paragraph 1 (Thân bài 1): Thời thơ ấu, gia đình, giáo dục
- Body Paragraph 2 (Thân bài 2): Sự nghiệp, thành tựu chính
- Body Paragraph 3 (Thân bài 3): Thử thách đã vượt qua, phẩm chất
- Conclusion (Kết bài): Di sản, ảnh hưởng, đánh giá chung
Ngôn ngữ sử dụng:
- Tense: Chủ yếu dùng Past Simple (người đã mất) hoặc Present Perfect (người còn sống)
- Linking words: First, Then, After that, However, Moreover, Finally
- Time expressions: In 1990, At the age of 25, During his career
- Descriptive language: Remarkable, outstanding, influential, dedicated
22. Useful Expressions for Biography Writing
| Purpose | Useful Expressions |
|---|---|
| Introduction | X was born in... / X is known as... / X is one of the most... / X is widely regarded as... |
| Early life | From an early age... / As a child... / He/She grew up in... / He/She showed interest in... |
| Career | He/She began his/her career... / He/She achieved... / He/She is famous for... / He/She made significant contributions to... |
| Challenges | Despite facing... / He/She overcame... / Although... / He/She struggled with... but never gave up |
| Qualities | He/She was known for... / He/She possessed... / What made him/her special was... / He/She demonstrated... |
| Conclusion | His/Her legacy... / He/She is remembered as... / Today, he/she continues to inspire... / His/Her impact on... |
33. Năm ví dụ mẫu về Biography Writing
Example 1: Short Biography (100 words)
Nelson Mandela - A Symbol of Peace
Nelson Mandela was born in South Africa in 1918. He became a lawyer and fought against apartheid, a system of racial discrimination. In 1962, he was imprisoned for 27 years but never gave up his beliefs. After his release in 1990, he worked for reconciliation and became South Africa's first Black president in 1994. Mandela received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. He died in 2013, leaving a legacy of forgiveness and human rights. Today, he is remembered as one of the greatest leaders in history.
Example 2: Introduction Paragraph
Marie Curie is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists in history. Born in Poland in 1867, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields. Her groundbreaking research on radioactivity revolutionized science and medicine, and her determination in the face of discrimination opened doors for women in science worldwide.
Example 3: Body Paragraph (Early Life)
Steve Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955 and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs. From an early age, he showed a keen interest in electronics and design. Although he dropped out of college after just six months, he continued to audit classes that interested him, including calligraphy, which later influenced Apple's elegant typography. At the age of 21, Jobs co-founded Apple Computer with Steve Wozniak in his parents' garage, marking the beginning of a revolutionary career in technology.
Example 4: Body Paragraph (Challenges)
Despite her remarkable achievements, Marie Curie faced numerous challenges throughout her life. As a woman in 19th-century Europe, she was denied access to higher education in Poland and had to move to Paris to pursue her studies. Even after winning her first Nobel Prize, she faced discrimination from the scientific community. Additionally, she worked in dangerous conditions without proper protection from radiation, which ultimately led to her death. However, these obstacles never deterred her from her passion for science.
Example 5: Conclusion Paragraph
Malala Yousafzai's legacy extends far beyond her Nobel Peace Prize. Today, she continues to inspire millions of young people around the world to stand up for their rights and pursue education. Through the Malala Fund, she has helped thousands of girls access education in developing countries. Her courage, determination, and unwavering commitment to her cause have made her a symbol of hope and resilience. As she once said, 'One child, one teacher, one book, and one pen can change the world,' and she has proven that age is no barrier to making a difference.
44. Các dạng bài tập Writing
📝 Dạng bài tập Writing thường gặp
Dạng 1: Complete Biography
Viết một bài tiểu sử hoàn chỉnh (150-200 từ).
Tip: Lập outline trước, chia thành 4-5 đoạn rõ ràng.
Dạng 2: Paragraph Writing
Viết một đoạn văn về một khía cạnh cụ thể (early life, achievements, challenges).
Tip: Topic sentence + Supporting details + Concluding sentence.
Dạng 3: Sentence Transformation
Viết lại câu giữ nguyên nghĩa sử dụng từ cho sẵn.
Tip: Chú ý cấu trúc ngữ pháp và từ vựng.
Dạng 4: Gap-filling in Biography
Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống trong bài tiểu sử.
Tip: Đọc cả đoạn để hiểu ngữ cảnh trước khi điền.
Dạng 5: Guided Writing
Viết tiểu sử dựa trên gợi ý cho sẵn (bullet points).
Tip: Mở rộng mỗi gợi ý thành 2-3 câu hoàn chỉnh.
55. Writing Checklist
✅ Checklist trước khi nộp bài:
- ☐ Có đủ 4-5 đoạn văn rõ ràng?
- ☐ Mở bài giới thiệu người đó là ai?
- ☐ Thân bài có thông tin về early life, career, achievements, challenges?
- ☐ Kết bài có nói về legacy/impact?
- ☐ Sử dụng đúng thì (Past Simple cho người đã mất)?
- ☐ Có linking words để nối ý?
- ☐ Từ vựng phong phú, không lặp lại?
- ☐ Ngữ pháp chính xác?
- ☐ Chính tả đúng?
- ☐ Đủ số từ yêu cầu?